{"id":530,"date":"2025-10-28T16:00:15","date_gmt":"2025-10-28T16:00:15","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ninhson-vn.com\/?p=530"},"modified":"2025-10-28T16:00:15","modified_gmt":"2025-10-28T16:00:15","slug":"tai-sao-khong-the-co-truc-vit-pho-dung-cho-moi-loai-nhua","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ninhson-vn.com\/?p=530","title":{"rendered":"T\u1ea1i sao kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 \u201ctr\u1ee5c v\u00edt ph\u1ed5 d\u1ee5ng\u201d cho m\u1ecdi lo\u1ea1i nh\u1ef1a?"},"content":{"rendered":"

T\u1ea1i sao kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 \u201ctr\u1ee5c v\u00edt ph\u1ed5 d\u1ee5ng\u201d cho m\u1ecdi lo\u1ea1i nh\u1ef1a?<\/strong><\/h2>\n

G\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y, c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ecfi t\u00f4i v\u1ec1 \u201ctr\u1ee5c v\u00edt ph\u1ed5 d\u1ee5ng\u201d trong \u00e9p phun v\u00e0 \u00e9p \u0111\u00f9n:<\/p>\n

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\u201cV\u00ec sao \u0111\u1ebfn gi\u1edd v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf tr\u1ee5c v\u00edt c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u00f9ng cho m\u1ecdi lo\u1ea1i nh\u1ef1a?\u201d<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n

V\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi, \u201cnh\u1ef1a\u201d d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ec1u gi\u1ed1ng nhau. Nh\u01b0ng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, m\u1ed7i lo\u1ea1i nh\u1ef1a c\u00f3 \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh x\u1eed l\u00fd r\u1ea5t kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

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Ba ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a tr\u1ee5c v\u00edt<\/strong><\/h3>\n

M\u1ed9t tr\u1ee5c v\u00edt \u0111\u01a1n th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n ba ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n:<\/p>\n

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  1. \n

    V\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n h\u1ea1t nh\u1ef1a r\u1eafn (solids conveying)<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  2. \n

    N\u1ea5u ch\u1ea3y nh\u1ef1a (melting)<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  3. \n

    \u0110\u1ecbnh l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o \u00e1p (metering or pumping)<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    M\u1ed7i ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng n\u00e0y ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp v\u00e0o \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a t\u1eebng lo\u1ea1i polymer<\/strong>, bao g\u1ed3m:<\/p>\n

      \n
    • \n

      t\u00ednh d\u1eabn nhi\u1ec7t,<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

    • \n

      \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u00e0n h\u1ed3i nh\u1edbt (viscoelasticity),<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

    • \n

      m\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 \u1edf tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i r\u1eafn v\u00e0 l\u1ecfng,<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

    • \n

      v\u00e0 h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 ma s\u00e1t.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

      Nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh n\u00e0y thay \u0111\u1ed5i r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i nh\u1ef1a, khi\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t tr\u1ee5c v\u00edt \u201cph\u1ed5 d\u1ee5ng\u201d kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 x\u1eed l\u00fd hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ch\u00fang<\/strong>.

      \n\u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 nh\u1ef1a ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea1y tr\u00ean c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t tr\u1ee5c v\u00edt \u2014 m\u00e0 l\u00e0 ch\u00fang s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea1t hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t t\u1ed1i \u01b0u<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

      \n

      V\u00ed d\u1ee5: So s\u00e1nh HDPE v\u00e0 HIPS<\/strong><\/h3>\n

      H\u00e3y so s\u00e1nh hai lo\u1ea1i polymer ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn trong \u00e9p \u0111\u00f9n: HDPE<\/strong> (polyethylene m\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 cao) v\u00e0 HIPS<\/strong> (polystyrene ch\u1ecbu va \u0111\u1eadp cao).<\/p>\n

      Nhi\u1ec7t dung ri\u00eang v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 gia c\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a hai lo\u1ea1i n\u00e0y kh\u00e1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng, nh\u01b0ng:<\/p>\n

        \n
      • \n

        HDPE c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec7t dung ri\u00eang trung b\u00ecnh 0.55 Btu\/lb-\u00b0F<\/strong>,<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

      • \n

        HIPS ch\u1ec9 0.40 Btu\/lb-\u00b0F<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

        => Ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 c\u1ea7n nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n 37,5% n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/strong> \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0a 1 pound HDPE l\u00ean nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 gia c\u00f4ng so v\u1edbi HIPS.<\/p>\n

        Ngo\u00e0i ra, HDPE l\u00e0 v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u b\u00e1n tinh th\u1ec3 (crystalline)<\/strong> \u2014 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng<\/strong>, trong khi PS l\u00e0 amorphous (v\u00f4 \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh)<\/strong>, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3<\/strong>.

        \n\u0110\u1ec3 ph\u00e1 v\u1ee1 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac tinh th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a HDPE, c\u1ea7n th\u00eam kho\u1ea3ng 100 Btu\/lb<\/strong> (nhi\u1ec7t n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y), n\u00ean t\u1ed5ng n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a HDPE g\u1ea7n 50% cao h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi HIPS<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

        \n

        \u1ea2nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed9 nh\u1edbt v\u00e0 t\u00ednh \u0111\u00e0n h\u1ed3i<\/strong><\/h3>\n

        Polymer c\u00f2n kh\u00e1c nhau \u1edf \u0111\u1ed9 nh\u1edbt thay \u0111\u1ed5i theo nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1eaft (shear rate)<\/strong>.

        \nHai th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng l\u00e0:<\/p>\n

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        • \n

          h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh lu\u1eadt c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t (n)<\/strong> \u2014 bi\u1ec3u th\u1ecb m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed9 nh\u1edbt thay \u0111\u1ed5i theo shear rate;<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

        • \n

          ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ed9 nh\u1edbt (m)<\/strong> \u2014 bi\u1ec3u th\u1ecb \u0111\u1ed9 nh\u1edbt thay \u0111\u1ed5i theo nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

          Hai th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 n\u00e0y quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1ef1 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed9 nh\u1edbt khi gia t\u0103ng shear v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9.

          \nV\u00ed d\u1ee5, HIPS c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u1ed9 nh\u1edbt theo shear cao h\u01a1n HDPE kho\u1ea3ng 50%<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

          \n

          Kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t v\u1ec1 m\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t n\u1ea5u ch\u1ea3y<\/strong><\/h3>\n

          HDPE c\u00f3 m\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 r\u1eafn b\u1eb1ng kho\u1ea3ng 90% c\u1ee7a PS<\/strong>, nh\u01b0ng m\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 khi n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y ch\u1ec9 b\u1eb1ng 77%<\/strong>.

          \n\u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 khi tan ch\u1ea3y, HDPE gi\u00e3n n\u1edf th\u1ec3 t\u00edch<\/strong>, l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u1ef1a ch\u1ea3y ra m\u1ed7i v\u00f2ng quay tr\u1ee5c v\u00edt<\/strong>.

          \n\u0110\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t c\u00f9ng n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t (lb\/gi\u1edd), r\u00e3nh v\u00edt c\u1ee7a HDPE ph\u1ea3i s\u00e2u h\u01a1n kho\u1ea3ng 38% so v\u1edbi HIPS<\/strong>, v\u00e0 t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 n\u00e9n tr\u1ee5c v\u00edt<\/strong> c\u0169ng c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh \u0111\u1ec3 b\u00f9 cho s\u1ef1 gi\u00e3n n\u1edf n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

          \n

          T\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng ng\u01b0\u1ee3c khi \u0111\u1ed5i v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u<\/strong><\/h3>\n

          V\u00ec HIPS ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng m\u1ea1nh h\u01a1n v\u1edbi shear, n\u00ean n\u1ebfu d\u00f9ng tr\u1ee5c v\u00edt thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf cho HDPE<\/strong> (r\u00e3nh s\u00e2u h\u01a1n) \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ea1y HIPS<\/strong>, nh\u1ef1a HIPS c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n<\/strong>, do \u0111\u1ed9 nh\u1edbt gi\u1ea3m nhanh v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7t sinh ra t\u1eeb shear kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7<\/strong> \u0111\u1ec3 n\u1ea5u ch\u1ea3y ph\u1ea7n r\u1eafn c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n

          \n

          T\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ea5p li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 ma s\u00e1t<\/strong><\/h3>\n

          T\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ea5p li\u1ec7u (feeding rate) \u2013 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t tr\u1ee5c v\u00edt \u2013 ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o:<\/p>\n

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          • \n

            h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 m\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 h\u1ea1t nh\u1ef1a,<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

          • \n

            ma s\u00e1t gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t,<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

          • \n

            v\u00e0 ma s\u00e1t gi\u1eefa h\u1ea1t v\u1edbi th\u00e0nh kim lo\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a ph\u1ec5u, c\u1ed5 n\u1ea1p v\u00e0 xilanh.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

            C\u00e1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u ch\u1ec9 ra r\u1eb1ng:

            \nPS c\u00f3 h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 ma s\u00e1t \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1edbi th\u00e9p cao h\u01a1n HDPE kho\u1ea3ng 50%<\/strong>, \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ea5p li\u1ec7u, m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 n\u00e9n trong r\u00e3nh v\u00edt \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 n\u1ea5u ch\u1ea3y t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3.<\/p>\n

            \n

            Kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t tr\u1ee5c v\u00edt cho t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3<\/strong><\/h3>\n

            Khi x\u00e9t to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 \u2014 nhi\u1ec7t dung, \u0111\u1ed9 nh\u1edbt, ma s\u00e1t, m\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9, c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac tinh th\u1ec3 \u2014 ta th\u1ea5y m\u1ed7i s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec1u \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t \u00e9p \u0111\u00f9n<\/strong>.

            \nNgay c\u1ea3 HDPE v\u00e0 PS, v\u1ed1n kh\u00f4ng qu\u00e1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t, c\u0169ng kh\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u1eed l\u00fd t\u1ed1i \u01b0u b\u1eb1ng c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf tr\u1ee5c v\u00edt<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

            Gi\u1edd h\u00e3y t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u1ea3i thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf tr\u1ee5c v\u00edt c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u1eed l\u00fd th\u00eam nh\u1ef1a c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u1ea3y cao nh\u01b0 PC (polycarbonate)<\/strong> ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i nh\u1ef1a c\u1ea7n s\u1ea5y kh\u00f4 tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi gia c\u00f4ng<\/strong> \u2014 s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t c\u00e0ng l\u1edbn h\u01a1n n\u1eefa.<\/p>\n

            \n

            K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn<\/strong><\/h3>\n

            M\u1ed7i lo\u1ea1i nh\u1ef1a c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh ri\u00eang \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u00e9p \u0111\u00f9n.

            \nV\u00ec v\u1eady, ch\u00fang ta v\u1eabn c\u1ea7n nh\u1eefng thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf tr\u1ee5c v\u00edt ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t cho t\u1eebng nh\u00f3m polymer<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

            Tuy nhi\u00ean, khi \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf chu\u1ea9n cho m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i nh\u1ef1a<\/strong>, ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thu nh\u1ecf ho\u1eb7c m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng (scale-up\/down)<\/strong> theo t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00e1c nhau m\u00e0 v\u1eabn gi\u1eef hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh \u2014 mi\u1ec5n l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i qu\u00e1 l\u1edbn v\u1ec1 k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/p>\n

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            • Ngu\u1ed3n:PT Plastic technology<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

              T\u1ea1i sao kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 \u201ctr\u1ee5c v\u00edt ph\u1ed5 d\u1ee5ng\u201d cho m\u1ecdi lo\u1ea1i nh\u1ef1a? 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